Unfortunately, the bullion value of the coins is about 20% higher than the nominal face value, leading to poor circulation, as coins are melted down by individuals for their gold content. King Henry III of England orders the production of a twenty pence English coin of pure gold, the first high-denomination coin minted in England, and the first to use gold.Louis IX of France confirms the foundation by his chaplain Robert de Sorbon of the College of Sorbonne in Paris, giving a formal college (and still-common name) to the already existing University of Paris.Before this date Wodzisław was granted Magdeburg rights (1246–1257). Władysław Opolski founds the Franciscan monastery in the city of Wodzisław Śląski.The campaign leads Swedish king Valdemar to request Pope Alexander IV to declare a crusade against Karelians, which leads to the third Swedish crusade to Finland. The Mongols take Dai Viet (northern Vietnam).The second Genoese War breaks out between Genoa and Venice in Outremer, known as the War of Saint Sabas.One of the largest volcanic eruptions in the past 10,000 years, it creates severe climatic changes across the globe, leading to severe famines and death, and to one of the biggest geopolitical changes across the globe over the next few centuries. September – 1257 Samalas eruption: Mount Samalas volcano erupts on Lombok Island, Indonesia. June 5 – The city of Kraków is granted Magdeburg rights by Boleslaus V of Poland, having been rebuilt after being nearly destroyed in the Tatar invasions in 1241.Spring – The Epirote–Nicaean conflict (1257–59) begins.March – The Japanese Kōgen era ends, and the Shōka era begins.January – Lambsar Castle in Persia is destroyed by the Mongols.Year 1257 ( MCCLVII) was a common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. 1257 in various calendars Gregorian calendar
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